'The time had come for him to set out on his journey westward'
Who’d have thought it?
When I did a post on compass directions in books I knew my
clever readers would have plenty to say, and I saw myself - having concentrated on North in that post –
perhaps doing some posts on the other cardinal points, collecting up the
suggestions from readers.
But I’m not going to do that, because – and this is
unprecedented – the level of participation in the comments below the line is so
high, that the only sensible thing is to suggest that people go and look at
them in situ. They range all over the place, both (reasonably enough)
geographically and also metaphorically, and make for fascinating, hilarious and thought-provoking reading. I’m not able to sort them out or file them by N S E & W, but the
randomness and serendipity of the entries bring their own joy. Please scroll through to the comments from this link:
Compass
directions, a children’s classic, and is North best?
And thank you all for giving me such joy. As I've said before, when there is so much depressing unkindness online, it is amazing that we can all participate in good-natured discussion and sometimes disagreement, and demonstate nothing but friendliness, community feeling, and a longing to share our great literary favourites with each other.
There are now pushing 200 comments (a blog record), and I
am going to quote blogfriend and major contributor Sovay:
“ I haven’t been quite nerdy enough to do an actual count, but my impression based on all the comments is that North and West are the most popular directions in book titles; South not too far behind, but East not getting much play at all except in conjunction with West. I think ‘East of Eden’ may be the only title in which East stands alone.”
I think she is spot on.
So do please go and browse through the comments and enjoy.
And I will just fill in a few more items from me.
I was saving this sublime quatrain for a theoretical post on West, but
of course readers (looking at you Dame Eleanor) got in first, and it is much
discussed btl - which gender is speaking?
Western wind, when will thou
blow?
The small rain down can rain.
Christ, if my love were in my
arms,
And I in my bed again!
One of my favourite blogpost titles of all the 2600 I have done is this – a line from a book rather than a title:
and which led to a later entry:
Still One Block West of the Light...
I thought I would surely find the East featured in one of
my favourite passages from Dorothy L Sayers’ The Nine Tailors, set as it
is in East Anglia, the Fens, and having very
much the feel of the remote parts of the East of England. But to my surprise the
key bell-ringing scene mentions other directions:
Out over the flat, white wastes of fen, over
the spear-straight, steel-dark dykes and the wind-bent, groaning poplar trees,
bursting from the snow-choked louvres of the belfry, whirled away southward and
westward in gusty blasts of clamour to the sleeping counties went the music of
the bells.
But there is this to put in the balance something for the
East – this is a para from my entry on Agatha Christie’s (famously bad) book Postern
of Fate:
The phrase Postern of Fate comes from a
poem by James Elroy Flecker, The Gates of Damascus. Flecker had a
huge facility for language, but his spirituality always seems bogus, and
nowadays he would surely be accused of Orientalism. However, Postern of Fate is
a great phrase, and a great title – what a shame it was wasted on this book.
There is something called the Damascus Gate in Jerusalem, a very well-known
spot, but this is not what Flecker was referencing. Ancient historical Damascus
had seven gates: Flecker writes about four of them, and the Eastern gate,
below, is the Postern of Fate, the road to the desert and to Baghdad.
I don’t think I have written about any book with East in the title,
astonishingly – given that I have featured more than 2500 books on the blog. Proving
Sovay’s point.
Some 'direction' books I have covered - many of these featured in
the comments:
Byron Rogers The Man Who Went into the West [This sounds as though it will be a Buchan/Kipling-style thriller but is actually a riveting account of the life of a priest-poet largely set in Wales]
Matthew Sweet West End Front
Nury Vittachi Mr Wong Goes West
Mrs Gaskell North and South
Jim Harrison True North
Fair Flower of Northumberland -
traditional ballad, linked to Mary Stewart's The Ivy Tree
Then some cheat ones, where a direction is mentioned in the
title as part of a name…
Agatha Christie’s Poirot Investigates includes a story called The Western
Star
Stella Gibbons Westwood
[double whammy] Vita Sackville-West Devil at Westease
Jane Austen Northanger
Abbey
Angela Thirkell Northbridge Rectory
And one more move to the west – I cannot resist an opportunity to quote yet again one of my favourite passages in all of literature: the closing words of the James Joyce short story The Dead:
A few light taps upon the pane made him turn to the window. It had begun to snow again. He watched sleepily the flakes, silver and dark, falling obliquely against the lamplight. The time had come for him to set out on his journey westward. Yes, the newspapers were right: snow was general all over Ireland. It was falling on every part of the dark central plain, on the treeless hills, falling softly upon the Bog of Allen and, farther westward, softly falling into the dark mutinous Shannon waves. It was falling, too, upon every part of the lonely churchyard on the hill where Michael Furey lay buried. It lay thickly drifted on the crooked crosses and headstones, on the spears of the little gate, on the barren thorns. His soul swooned slowly as he heard the snow falling faintly through the universe and faintly falling, like the descent of their last end, upon all the living and the dead.
"In
the full glory of some passion": James Joyce
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Can I add a favourite poem? Sea to the West, by Norman Nicholson, who lived in Millom, on the other side of the Duddon estuary to Barrow, just above Morecambe Bay, which has the same extraordinary landscape. Here is the first stanza, which is the most perfect evocation Of place I’ve ever come across.
ReplyDeleteWhen the sea’s to the west
The evenings are one dazzle –
You can find no sign of water.
Sun upflows the horizon;
Waves of shine
Heave, crest, fracture,
Explode on the shore;
The wide day burns.
In the incandescent mantle of the air.
That is so beautiful, thank you for sharing. I have travelled briefly through that area...
DeleteIt is a strange coastline, very different from the South West/Cornwall and Wales, beautiful in its way but not necessarily friendly to humans. Though mention of Morecambe Bay always calls to my mind Victoria Wood talking about life in the run-down seaside resort of Morecambe, where the tide only bothers to come in once a week..
DeleteSovay
Good old Victoria, I did love her - I just watched one of her old Xmas specials, pure joy. hard to believe it's 10 years since she died.
DeleteDefinitely going to have to take a trip to the Morecambe Coast.
Sovay, I always think Victoria Wood was a little unkind about Morecambe!
DeleteMe!
DeleteThere's a certain amount of artistic licence for comic effect! My grandmother lived in Morecambe for quite a few years, so I do have some fond memories of the town through visiting her as a child - but it always seemed a very long walk across the sands to reach the actual sea.
DeleteThe last stanza of the Nicholson poem refers to something I'd thought to raise in the earlier post but didn't - the West as the destination of the souls of the dead - clearly hinted at in Joyce's story too.
Sovay
Tangentially you've reminded me of a game called Telegrams. You're given a word and you have to turn it into a telegram. One lad got "Noli illegitimae carborundum" - can't remember the story but it ended "Don't Underestimate Morecambe". Lucy
DeleteThat's going to be a very expensive telegram if it's a word per letter!
DeleteSovay
I think Victoria Wood grumbled about things she loved...
DeleteLucy: you may have to explain the game to us a bit more
I recognize the Telegrams game, but I've always known it as Telephone. Wiki description: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telephone_game
DeleteThanks Marty!
DeleteI'm not sure that's the same game though - I think Lucy's game is about making a telegram based on the letters in a starting word - so if the starting word was 'rhyme' the telegram might be eg 'Return Home You Malevolent Elf'.
DeleteSovay
Oh yes - the Wiki version of Telephone is what we called Chinese Whispers in the UK when i was a child..
DeleteAnd now I do remember the Teleram game - nice example, Sovay!
And now we're back to the very beginning of the first post, where it is the man who repairs telephone wires who says North is best, sending us off on multi-directional journeys!
I'm so glad you got such great participation, Moira!! It gives me comfort in these times to know that we can reach out and connect with each other. Thank you for creating a space where we can do that.
ReplyDeleteHow kind Margot, and how encouraging and cheering the whole thing has been. And you are always one of my favourite commenters, always so positive and kind.
DeleteSome more geographical references from this side of the pond. North America and South America. US States: West Virginia, and the Carolinas and Dakotas North and South. "Down East" is used variously to describe New England and the State of Maine especially (and in Maine, a certain part of the state, and also used in Canada to describe the Maritime provinces---it's supposedly a nautical term from sailing days, something about prevailing winds.
ReplyDeleteWest Virginia > the song, with the refrain "The green rolling hills of West Virginia are the nearest thing to heaven that I know." EmmyLou Harris does a lovely rendition.
DeleteIt's also mentioned in the John Denver song Take Me Home Country Roads.Seems to be a rather inspirational State!
DeleteI wasn't expect Down East to mean New England and Maine!
DeleteWest Virginia does seem inspiring, it makes me curious and will have to visit sometime.
It's very beautiful and very poor, so people leave and feel they can't go back, which makes for plenty of nostalgia. I'd say it's more mountainous than rolling: the mountains aren't all that high, but they are very steep. If you go in April/early May, roses and honeysuckle are both in bloom along the roadsides and it smells amazing.
DeleteThank you for that beautiful description - I pictured it as something like that. I will have to visit.
DeleteThe version I know goes "I was born in East Virginia/Carolina I did go/And there I met a fair pretty maiden/her name and age I do not know". Lucy
DeleteClassic folk song...
Delete"East wind" in the Sherlock Holmes world has a connotation of impending disaster or ruin. Wiki says it was taken from the book of Exodus, and also that it was used by Dickens in Bleak House which I had forgotten.
ReplyDeleteI didn't remember that in Sherlock Holmes. In Bleak House it's the bad moods of Mr Jarndyce isn't it?
DeleteIn the Bible I think the East wind brings the locusts, one of the ten plagues
Indeed it was! Mr Jarndyce and his Growlery. I had to look it up and found that one of the titles Dickens had considered for the novel was The East Wind. This is a mention I found, from someone who lived in Seattle: https://streetsmartnaturalist.substack.com/p/east-winds-and-a-very-long-word
DeleteVery interesting indeed, and the chap really knows his stuff about the East wind!
DeleteConan Doyle included the "East wind coming" line in His Last Bow, written in 1917 but set earlier, and of course refers to WW1. In a Rathbone/Bruce film set in the early 1940's but supposedly based on the same story, Holmes speaks the line in reference to the Nazi threat in WW2.
DeleteEcclesiasticus, but I'd have to check. Lyrical about weather and (rare) snow and ice. Lucy
DeleteJob also I think. East wind always a bad thing
DeleteThis comment has been removed by the author.
DeleteIn the Cumberbatch Holmes version the east wind also brings the boys' sister, Eurus, named after the Greek god of the East Wind. This proves to not be a good thing.
DeleteShe was a piece of work, a weird way for the story to go in...
DeleteAnd Mary Poppins blew in on an East wind!
ReplyDeleteShe did!
Delete"Winds in the east, there's a mist comin' in, like somethin' is brewin' and 'bout to begin. Can't put me finger on what lies in store, but I feel what's to 'appen all 'appened before."
Delete... and now we can get Chim Chimeree stuck in our heads all day!
DeleteThere have been television programs over here named Due North (US) and Due South (Canadian).
ReplyDeleteDue North I remember, but not Due South
DeleteDid anyone mention Funeral Blues by WH Auden? Just because of the verse
ReplyDelete"He was my North, my South, my East and West,
my working week and my Sunday rest,
my midnight, my noon, my talk, my song,
I thought that love would last forever. I was wrong."
Beautiful, so sad. I do love Auden.
Deleteand then that's reminded me of the lament of Donal Og, transl by Lady Gregory, which we have discussed before:
You have taken the east from me, you have taken the west from me;
you have taken what is before me and what is behind me;
you have taken the moon, you have taken the sun from me;
and my fear is great that you have taken God from me
It’s been quite a post! So many interesting angles to explore. Re ‘Westron Wind’ - as mentioned in the comments to the North post it’s a female voice to me, due to my having first encountered the quatrain not as a poem but as a song, sung by Maddy Prior and Tim Hart but with Maddy’s voice leading. The folk song context may have influenced me in another way too - British folk song is full of women waiting for their loved ones to return from sea or from the wars. I’ve always assumed that the west wind will bring back the lover as well as the small rain.
ReplyDeleteSovay
Indeed, I went and listened to the Maddy Prior version after you commented on it.
DeleteI'm still holding to a male voice - I am convinced he's a soldier in foreign parts, mired in mud, wants to be home...
I was sure he was a Roman soldier stuck on Hadrian's wall in the rain - but it turns out I'm confusing that poem with W H Auden's Roman Wall Blues. There is a certain similarity though:
Delete"The rain comes pattering out of the sky,
I’m a Wall soldier, I don’t know why;
The mist creeps over the hard grey stone,
My girl’s in Tungria; I sleep alone."
No compass points in that poem though.
Yes - that's very much like my view of it...
DeleteFor me ever since I first read this as an undergraduate - won't say how many years ago! - I have heard this as a male voice. He is longing for the westerly winds to blow him home both to his lover and his bed. It is so terse and direct that it also seems masculine in tone to me especially given the period. So with you there, Moira, as so often .... Also agree about The Dead, and I liked the film too. Chrissie
ReplyDeleteOh good! It's anonymous and not connected to anything else, so no-one can be certain, but I did wonder if everyone else thought it was a woman. We can all decide for ourselves. But also, I agree with you - terse, direct, masculine
DeleteI can see (hear) it both ways, but lean toward a man because of the weather: I assume it's winter, with snow, and the speaker is hoping for the west winds that will bring rain and softer weather. I imagine a frozen soldier on night guard duty.
DeleteThat's exactly how I see him. But intriguing to have known it for so many years and its never crossing my mind to see it any other way! And how fabulous to unexpectedly get the chance to discuss.
DeleteLooks like it may be just me, Maddy and CS Lewis on the female side! I'm with Dame Eleanor on the winter weather - the woman in my head isn't gazing romantically out of a turret window in a pointy head-dress, she's trying to keep a small farm going on her own whilst her man's away.
DeleteSovay
I’ve always thought it was a lovelorn woman.
DeleteWe're dividing up nicely on the gender question.
DeleteNot a poem, but my mother used to sing this: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-VIniJcrfAI
ReplyDeleteLovely. I didn't know the song, but very much on topic with the restless wind and the railway tracks. Very atmospheric. And of course - Patsy Cline...
DeleteThere's a song by a Canadian artist Ian Tyson called Four Strong Winds : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B3m7ckGhnsc
DeleteLove that song. For some reason, I thought it was by Gordon Lightfoot.
Deletei looked it up and it is quite the song. It appears everyone has recorded it, including Gordon Lightfoot (and there's a singer I love, with a line in gentle melancholy).
DeleteOld nursery rhyme:
ReplyDeleteThe North wind doth blow,
And we shall have snow,
And what will poor robin do then, poor thing?
He'll sit in a barn,
And keep himself warm,
And hide his head under his wing, poor thing.
This nursery rhyme dates back to the 16th century and uses the olde English word 'doth'.
Oh goodness I remember my grandfather saying that to me - and he was very Irish, so it must have been current there too.
DeleteThe attribution is probably pretty vague! There's a longer version too: https://www.poetrybyheart.org.uk/poems/the-north-wind
DeleteI wasn't aware of that, thanks
DeleteUsing "doth" doesn't date the poem very well: "thou" word forms continued - continue, perhaps - in poetry into the twentieth century. The claim that the swallow migrates was debated then. Samuel Johnson magisterially told Boswell they hibernate: "Swallows certainly sleep all the winter. A number of them conglobulate together, by flying round and round, and then all in a heap throw themselves under water, and lye in the bed of a river."
DeletePerhaps Boswell was quietly amused to quote Johnson.
- Roger (no doubt you'd guessed - if it's a reference to Saki or Johnson, it's probably me!).
DeleteMarty's version is from 1805.
Most certainly would have guessed!
DeleteThat Johnson quote is hilarious
Another old rhyme/proverb, apparently oriented toward fishermen:
ReplyDeleteWhen the wind is in the east,
'Tis neither good for man nor beast;
When the wind is in the north,
The skillful fisher goes not forth;
When the wind is in the south,
It blows the bait in the fishes' mouth;
When the wind is in the west,
Then 'tis at the very best.
It seems everyone is agreed on the nature of the winds!
DeleteThis blogger thinks that Daphne Du Maurier liked an East wind: https://fidarby.co.uk/2022/05/27/watch-out-theres-an-easterly-about/
ReplyDeleteI like the eclectic nature of her webpage - a bit like us here!
DeleteApparently in Victorian England the East Wind was considered a source of pestilence. Dickens made a speech to a some sanitation reformers in which he said, "...is now as certain as it is that the air from Gin Lane will be carried, when the wind is Easterly, into May Fair, and that if you once have a vigorous pestilence raging furiously in Saint Giles, no mortal list of Lady Patroness can keep it out of Almack’s." Quoted at the Sotheby's site https://www.sothebys.com/en/buy/auction/2023/fine-books-and-manuscripts-including-americana-part-2/dickens-charles-the-authors-commentary-on-urban
ReplyDeleteThat's very interesting - how on earth did you find that 😉😉😉?
DeleteI was trying to refresh my memories of Bleak House and got interested in the idea of the East Wind, so I was googling away....I came across the beginning of a scholarly work that had just mentioned the link between pestilence and the East Wind when the preview ended. Grrr! I tried to find it elsewhere and haven't succeeded, but am finding lots of interesting stuff along the way!
DeleteOne thing that came up was this poem (although nothing to do with Dickens) which has a slightly different take on the East Wind, maybe because it's by a New Zealander? https://www.lrb.co.uk/the-paper/v03/n13/c.k.-stead/a-warm-wind-from-the-east
It seems a bit harsh to blame the poorer districts for breeding disease, but I'm sure conditions were terrible, and Dickens may have been exaggerating a bit in the interests of reform!
DeleteMaybe the idea of the east wind bringing bad things lives on in modern-day weather forecasts - I know bad weather comes from all directions, but nothing sounds as scary as a Beast from the Easr,
DeleteWhat a lovely poem, and definitely implies a different view of East wind.
DeleteYou sound like you are really enjoying your researches Marty!
The Beast from the East was inspired naming, though you wonder if someone just liked the sound of it...
Marty, could it have been F. S. Schwarzbach, 'A Note on "Bleak House": John Jarndyce and the East Wind" (Dickens Studies Newsletter, 6.3 [1975])? Or do you think it was more recent than that? If it's on JSTOR, I can find it for you.
DeleteOver to you Marty.... thanks Dame Eleanor
DeleteDame Eleanor--yes, it was that article by Schwarzbach!
Delete👍👍👍
DeleteMarty, if you send me your email address (to clothesinbooks@hotmail.co.uk ) I can pass along a copy of the essay
DeleteThank you, Moira and Dame Eleanor, for the Schwarzbach essay! Dickens' views of the Orient were new to me. Don't know if he was being quite fair to Far Eastern people, but certainly the hidebound resistance to reform in England was as dangerous to people's welfare as they imagined the East Wind to be.
DeleteI love the idea that it all connected up via the blog...
DeleteHave also been remembering Eleanor Farjeon's story "Westwoods," in The Little Bookroom, which pictures a king sent to woo the princesses of North, South, and East, and rejecting them all in favor of the West.
ReplyDeleteI don't know that one, but it has strong folkstory motifs, doesn't it?
DeleteI have just thought of Hilaire Belloc's lovely tribute to Sussex - The South Country (1923):
ReplyDeleteWhen I am living in the Midlands,
That are sodden and unkind,
I light my lamp in the evening
My work is left behind
And the great hills of the South Country
Come back into my mind.
He goes on to say why he didn't like North and West either but no mention of East.
The poem made me think of how disparaged/ignored the Englush Midlands were/are in the Uk. We rarely hear a Midlands voice on telly.- pace Sir Lenny Henry. And few positive books set inthe area though Tolkein set the Hobbit etc in the shire based on Warwickshire.
There's another Midlands accent on popular TV - Mark Williams (from Bromsgrove, Worcs) as Father Brown. Not as strong as Sir Lenny's but it's there.
DeleteSovay
Hilaire Belloc very opinionated about places!
DeleteYes, the Midlands definitely gets a raw deal, and the accent is not seen as endearing.
the original Fr Brown had a parish in Essex IIRC - I wonder if he is meant to come from there?
The Father Brown stories, with the exception of ‘The Flying Stars’, have an atmosphere that creeps me out, so I haven’t read them for years, but my memory is of a dark, crowded urban parish, very different from the picturesque Cotswold village of the TV series (where the English Reformation apparently never happened and everyone is Roman Catholic).
DeleteThe humorous writer Paul Jennings, originally from Coventry, had something to say in one of his pieces about Belloc’s sneer at the Midlands, and I’ve been skimming through his books looking for it - haven’t found it but I did light on ‘The Mysterious East’, about the unique atmosphere of East Anglia.
Sovay
And it's only just occurred to me, because I haven't watched it, but "Peaky Blinders" must have been packed with Midlands voices!
DeleteSovay
Fr Brown moved around a lot -not many of the stories were set in his home parish. But - it is definitely nothing like the one shown in the TV series. As you say - it's an alt-hist fantasy. And they get little religious things wrong (I haven't watched it in years, this was the early days) and really should have had a Catholic check the scripts.
DeleteWe're definitely establishing that each direction has its own character, and that most people are agreed on what that is.
Yes, Peaky Blinders...
DeleteSovay: I'd don't know about East Anglia, but until 19th century Irish immigration began roman catholics tended to be concentrated in particular areas, even villages. If the squire or land-owner was RC they'd be accepted where elsewhere they'd be persecuted or even evicted
Delete... they also had very little in the way of basic human rights and opportunities, until the Catholic Emancipation Acts.
DeleteOh yes, Mark Wiiliams. I can't understand why they changed so much for the tv series. Julie Walters! Timothy Spall is another Midland actor but I don't think I have heard his natural accent.
ReplyDeleteIn Londoner Robert Elms' working class dress autobiography' The way we wore: a life in threads' he relates the visit of Crystal Palace (London soccer club) to Coventry City where CP fans cruelly chanted 'My dog sleeps on Fila' to taunt the Midland fans in their outdated Italian sports wear. A bit harsh, I think.
Football fans known for those mean remarks. In the 1980s southern teams would wave wads of banknotes at northern fans to emphasize the north-south wealth divide.
DeleteAnd there are worse stories: anti-semitic and misogynistic chants that beggar belief - only possible if you don't think of your rival team & fans & their families as real people.
Thank you. I hadn't any real idea about football chants. I knew there had been violence but not this horrible othering of people .
ReplyDeleteOf course many football chants are encouraging/funny/heart-stirring! It's just depressing that hurtful ones can get traction too.
DeleteThis should really be appended to Bill Selnes's comment at the end of the North post, but I can't bear to disturb that nice round 200 - I suspect that during the Cold War period there were quite a few non-fiction books with East in their titles, but directional titles in general are a lot rarer than I thought. The only book on my shelves that hasn't been mentioned is Philip Pulman's "Northern Lights" - which isn't strictly directional either, though very focussed on North and the journey to get there.
ReplyDeleteSovay
I wondered if anyone else was admiring that 200 - a blog record!
DeleteGood point about the Cold War, and 'Northern Lights' - I'm astonished that wasn't mentioned earlier!
Perhaps you ought to double up with "Directions in Books" as a blog.
DeleteAfter all, N, NNE, NE, ENE... provides a good few to begin with. We haven't even dealt with the "wild North-easter" yet, let alone its collection of parodies - https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/70545/pg70545.txt.
-Roger
I know, I keep thinking how much valuable content there is in all this, all going to waste. When I run out of Clothes in Books (as if) I will move on - although I always thought it would be to Food in Books. (Not that I keep to the original brief all that much anyway)
DeleteDo you have nor'easters in Britain or is it a North Americn phenomenon? I was also reminded of the sou'wester, the usually-yellow oilskin rain coat and hat worn by sea-farers. Wiki says the name "is thought to come from the southwesterly wind which brings warm air from the tropics to the British Isles, often bringing rain."
DeleteWhenever a good nor'wester blows,/Christopher is certain of/Sand-between-the-toes. https://allpoetry.com/Sand-Between-The-Toes
DeleteYes I think we have Nor'easters and sou'westers, but I've never thought about exacty why they are called that, or why the oilskins are yellow - visibility?
DeleteCharming poem