Even more about Barbara Cartland: novelist and plagiarist

 

 


 

Barbara Cartland has become a blog obsession over recent weeks. We have had Matthew Sweet’s marvellous biography:

Barbara Cartland: Give Pink a Chance

Which then brought out Daniel Milford Cottam’s incredible pictures of her clothes:

Barbara, the clothes, and a guest on the blog

… and now we’re moving on to Barbara Cartland’s literary oeuvre.

The books. Well. I had read some of her autobiographies (she wrote a few…) which are very enjoyable for the detail and the picture of life.

She wrote contemporary romances, and also historical fiction, often set in the Regency period. She wrote hundreds and hundreds of them: Matthew Sweet says she maintained “her literary output with the zeal of a tractor factory during Stalin’s first Five Year Plan.”

She used to say sometimes in interviews that for every historical book she wrote, she read 10 books for research. This raises two questions:

1) Do we believe that she read ten for one?

2) How many of those research books were by Georgette Heyer?

It seems unarguable that there was a lot of ‘borrowing’ politely or plagiarism (less politely) going on. Heyer’s books are famously full of her Regency slang and incomprehensible descriptions of this and that, and they certainly turn up in Cartland’s books in a blatant way. And such of the Regency books that I’ve dipped into show every sign of being a mish-mash of Heyer plots. There is a very egregious example in Cartland’s The Knave of Hearts, which leans heavily on Heyer’s These Old Shades. Sweet demonstrates all this very clearly, drawing on biographies of Heyer – the earlier book by Jane Aiken Hodge did not name Cartland, it just said ‘another novelist’ was involved. A later biography, I believe, was explicit.




Apparently Heyer said “I think I could have borne it better had Miss Cartland not been so common-minded, so salacious and so illiterate.” A solicitor’s letter was sent: no response received, but the copying apparently stopped. Heyer, who abhorred publicity and her fans, was not prepared to go to court.

I am a huge fan of These Old Shades. Heyer said “I think ill enough of Shades…” but I think most of her fans would disagree. But the one thing I always hated was Leonie offering herself as mistress to her beloved

‘Monseigneur, I never thought that you would marry me’ she said simply ‘But – if you wanted me – I thought perhaps you would – take me – until I wearied you.’

This was a level of self-abasement too far for me (when I was 13 and now): it is a real shame that it is reproduced in The Knave of Hearts in exactly the same manner.

“I have never, in my most secret dreams imagined that you might marry me – but I have thought that perhaps until you wearied of me, I might come to you and be your woman. If you would love me and make me yours, even for a short while, I would be happy for the rest of my life.”

The two books are not identical – there is no dressing up as a boy, one of the joys of Shades. But you would be absolutely certain that Cartland had read Shades.  

The story rattles along with almost too much plot

 “Grandmama, I have lost Ravella.”

The old lady sat up straight in her chair. “Lost her?” she queried. “Has she been kidnapped again?”

Well might she ask. There are highwaymen and gypsies and bad-tempered singers and unwise unchaperoned visits to all kinds of places – not all of it lifted from Heyer. Ravella is a restless character who never does what she is told and is immensely irritating, quite apart from the awfulness of calling the Duke ‘Guardie’ (short for Guardian). At least Leonie calls her Duke ‘Monseigneur’.

(Though because of this book I always specially enjoyed in the Wolf Hall books how everyone excoriates Anne Boleyn’s father for wanting to have that title).

The local village has the unfortunate name of Mildew, and the agent is called Gristle – do you think he is going to be a goody or a baddy?

Something they have in common with Patricia Wentworth’s Miss Silver books is that the heroines have names that might be described as unusual: Dacia, Ravella Dorinda Alida Atalanta Larisa, Canuela. (Our fashion expert Daniel Milford Cottam has a line in inventing names for Cartland, but it is difficult to tell his made-up ones from real ones.)

Ther is another example of plot borrowing, which featured on the blog ages ago, and was actually pointed out by Matthew Sweet.  First of all you need to know about Florence Barclay’s The Rosary: completely forgotten now, but a massive bestseller in the early 1900s. Luckily we have a blogpost:

The Tosh Report: The Rosary by Florence L Barclay

So familiarize yourself with the basic plot, then take a look at this second post:

The National Anthem

Which features the back cover of one of Barbara’s books:




Quite unabashed.

 

I looked at a couple of the contemporary books as well.  I was absolutely startled by one of them: Sweet Punishment, 1931. A young woman Diana is shown as thoughtless and rather selfish.  A man called Ian comes to tell her that his friend Jack died in Africa with her name on his lips: Tell Diana I love her.




Diana scarcely remembers Jack and speaks callously of him, to the horror of Ian. These two attractive creatures now each decide to teach the other a lesson. So Ian abducts Diana, carries her off to his castle on a private Scottish island, and keeps her there against her will. And then he rapes her. Yes, you read that correctly. Repeatedly, night after night. ‘She cried out but there was no-one to hear her, and, helpless, he carried her triumphantly into the shadows of the great bed.’

(It seems the least of the problems with this book, but ‘helpless’ is in the wrong place there)

There is a lot more tosh-related plotting, but as it turns out, they each now love the other. He feels bad about what happened. She loves him anyway.

This was not what I was expecting – and to be fair, they are not all like this. But what about all that virginity Cartland was forever promoting? It seemed rather like an 18th century novel – all is forgiven because of marriage and respectability. But it still managed to shock me.

It’s really not a nice book.

My verdict in general is this: that she was better at contemporary life than at the Regency ones and other historicals. She pinched from Georgette Heyer like crazy. As Matthew Sweet points out, the books became simpler as time went on – output increased dramatically in later years, and she kept them much simpler, no subplots or extraneous details. Her production rate was much more normal in the 1930s, 40s, 50s. On the cover above, a 1950 reprint, she has only had 30 bestsellers… It was the 1970s when she really started the mass production.

The earlier books, those in the 1930s say, had more interesting details of life – reflecting her own of course, she wasn’t exactly being George Orwell at Wigan Pier. But they are a nice record of what was going on then. I have said that Matthew Sweet’s biography is a great history of the 20th Century – and that's true also of Barbara Cartland’s novels.


Comments

  1. Mildew? Gristle? Could Barbara Cartland meant Knave as a parody of Heyer's work? Or just cynical. BC seemed knowing and touch in cheek about her own writing and more interested in pushing sales of Royal Jelly as the secret of her youthfulness in the couple of interviews I remember. JanW

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  2. Tongue in cheek, doh.

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    1. I think that's a very generous way of looking at it! Having just read both, I don't think for a moment it was meant as a parody: it was flat-out copying. She certainly bustled around with lots of interests, but I think she took her writing seriously.

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  3. I'm stumped by the second These Old Shades cover. Who is the red-haired bloke?
    Clare

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    1. It's AI slop.

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    2. There's a PhD thesis to be written about Heyer covers down the years.... rather similar to our discussion of how ballerinas and actresses look at different stages

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    3. Yes, but Leonie is the only redhead in the book, except for her father and her uncle. But they were a generation older, and would have worn wigs. Even Rupert wears a wig, and he's 22?
      And surely AI needs prompts? Why would you order a ginger young man when there isn't one in the text?
      As you can tell, I've reread this book so often as a teen that I still know every plot detail. I own a copy of the Pan edition with Leonie, Rupert and the horse on the cover. At least that makes sense.
      Clare

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  4. When my friend Pam and I finished all of Heyer in 7th or 8th grade, we picked up a bunch of Cartland at the library and were shocked by her lifting of plots and her incredible output. I don't think we knew anything about her except the photo on the back but we joked that she was kept prisoner in her own home and only allowed food if she produced a hundred pages per day. We decided to write a book too (the notebook is in the attic, I believe) but elipses were not allowed! Our English teacher noticed the books (being passed back and forth from the public library) and, too clever to forbid them, brought us to the school library where she and the librarian made us a list of authors to try instead.

    In fact, it was that librarian, Sister Sessions, who recommended Murder in a Nunnery. She had met the author's sister, who was also an RSCJ nun and worked at the school he had used for inspiration. When my sister started working at my old school, I wondered if "my" copy was still there and could be extracted but they had weeded all the books I liked (I suppose not surprising in 40+ years).

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  5. I think the title Sweet Punishment alone would suggest some nasty goings-on, and it would definitely keep me from trying the book! Regarding BC's mass production of books, Jane Haddam wrote a series of mysteries featuring a romance author turned detective. In one book there's a gathering of romance authors, and one of them sounds a lot like BC.

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    1. I'm pretty sure Angela Lansbury was told to go full Barbara with her portrayal of Salome Otterbourne in the Death on the Nile film.

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    2. She was such a recognizable figure, easily placed into a parody.
      Good point Daniel, that makes sense

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    3. To me, BC sounds a bit more ladylike than Salome! The Haddam mystery didn't really parody BC, but the character's book-production method brought BC to mind.

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    4. Well Salome had the drinking problem, which I don't think BC has been accused of

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  6. They both stole from Austen. I read one non-Regency Cartland I wish I could find again. Set during the War, girl runs a mobile canteen. (Lucy)

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    1. I'm curious - what did Heyer steal from Austen other than setting her works in the same general time frame?

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    2. I wonder if Matthew Sweet would know your book Lucy?
      We do need you to explain more about Jane Austen....

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  7. You know, Moira, I didn't think about a link between Cartland and Heyer. I suppose that's because I've a bit of Heyer's mystery work, but not her romances. At any rate, that .... similarity, let's call it ... between the two is absolutely unmistakable.

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    1. I don't think anyone could defend her from the plagiarism charge. However there was a lot more to her life than that....

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  8. One of the Barbara Cartlands I remember was a BRAZEN knockoff of The Convenient Marriage mashed up with Shades and a few others, I think it was done after Heyer had died. (yes, 1976!) Looking up Google Images, I think it was The Heart Triumphant as I recognise the cover art. Cerissa is the asthmatic ingenue in that one.

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    1. And the one I remember that had me hacking up a lung because of how unintentionally hilarious and camptastic it was, was titled "Little White Doves of Love". It was mainly the idea of Nolita (again, that IS her name) "sending out little white doves of prayer" to the Marquis so he would rescue her. I genuinely don't know how Barbara's secretary transcribed that one without so much as a face crack, let alone rolling around on the carpet howling and flashing her knickers at the Pekes.

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    2. They are beyond criticism in one way....

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    3. I actually think Little White Doves was probably one of the last I read, just because absolutely nothing could beat that one for pure unintentional hilarity. I still think about it, 25 years later, and laugh like an absolute loon.

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    4. You cannot fault her as an entertainer

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  9. It sounds like BC may have lifted part of the plot of Sweet Punishment from EM Hull’s The Sheikh, which I haven’t read but which features prominently in Claude Cockburn’s Bestseller. In it, proud beauty Diana is kidnapped (by a sheikh in this instance, obviously) and repeatedly raped until she falls in love with him …

    Sovay

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    1. I think it was sadly not an uncommon plot.

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    2. The French version of Sweet Punishment is entitled La Tour de Bonheur!

      Sovay

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    3. The motivation for the kidnapping is different in the Sheik, and the setting is of course very different. The Sheik inspired the genre in general though, of course.

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    4. Also - and I don't want to spoiler - doesn't he turn out to be quite the public school gent in the end?

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  10. In some ways, BC was a bit like Elizabeth Taylor's Angel, with absurd plots. Angel doesn't wear pink, though:-)
    Christine

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  11. Goodness, Barbara Cartland was one busy Dame! I first became aware of her as a young pup in the '80s when her books battled Harlequin for space at news stands in the Montreal Metro. I didn't pay much attention - much more interested in the latest NME - but this has changed these past few years through my interest in Elinor Glyn whose work fairly dominates "Barbara Cartland's Library of Love." Do you know the series? As best I can tell, there were 35 titles, published from 1977 to 1982, each "condensed by Barbara Cartland."

    I want to see what she cut, but have yet to come across a copy in Canadian charity stores. Interestingly, Three Weeks did not make "Barbara Cartland's Library of Love."

    I do wonder whether Dame Barbara Cartland was actually involved in these condensations. Word count over cutting seemed to be her thing.

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    1. It seems likely that BC chose the books but the secretary got the condensation job to do, in amongst transcribing the texts of BC’s own 20-odd new novels per year. BC ‘wrote’ a cookery book too - The Romance of Food - I remember picking up a second-hand copy many years ago because the spectacular kitschiness of the photographs made me smile.

      Sovay

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    2. I had not heard of this series, what an unusual idea. Bthen she had all that experience picking the best bits out of others' books 😀😀😀
      Presumably her name would sell those books - it doesn't do to underestimate her popularity I guess.
      I can imagine her having strong opinions on food, but can't see her doing much actual cooking. Kitchen assistants I'm surmising.

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    3. The book’s long gone from my shelves but I’m fairly sure there was mention of her personal chef - I’m guessing he did the heavy lifting and she provided the decorative touches, of which there were many.

      Sovay

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    4. I wonder if the Harlequin romances were as fond of "borrowing" as BC was? I remember reading a passage in one Harlequin which had been lifted almost word from Gaudy Night.

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    5. Sovay: yes, one can just imagine. Barbara choosing some dainty garnishes

      Marty: I know we all love Lord Peter & Harriet's romance, but it doesn't sound ideal for Harlequin

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    6. It was a shock to come across those familiar words in such a setting. I don't like Harlequins but I was in need of some mindless reading at the time.

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    7. Yes it must have been! No harm in reading Harlequins

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  12. Oh dear, oh dear. Unforgivable! Dread to think what her output would have been if she had had access to AI. Chrissie

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  13. "Sweet demonstrates all this very clearly, drawing on biographies of Heyer". How appropriate.

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  14. I will have to re-read The Rosary. Until I encountered it here I had no idea it had been a bestseller, nor that any living being would be familiar with it apart from myself. I haven't read it since my teens (some fifty years ago!) and remember very little of it, but I just checked my bookcase and it is still there - surprisingly, as I have moved house at least a dozen times since I bought it, and lots of other books have disappeared along the way. But it was (is) a very beautiful binding, so I have obviously not been able to discard it. As for what is inside; well, we shall see.

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    1. I tracked down, read and enjoyed The Rosary many years ago after a favourite humorous writer, Arthur Marshall, wrote a newspaper piece about it, though my copy is now long gone. The author seemed to go a bit ott about the unattractive bulkiness of the heroine, Jane - the word ‘massive’ was used more than once iirc, but I recall thinking at the time that she seemed to be tall and buxom but well within “normal” human parameters.

      Sovay

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    2. Perhaps Jane had a "queenly" figure? I looked back at the CiB post on The Rosary but I suspect it might be one of the books I'd want to throw across the room, and had better not read on my little tablet. The blinded-hero trope is one that I actively dislike, because it reinforces the notion that only pretty women can find love. As if looking at a "fat and plain" person is something a man shouldn't have to do! After all, women have to look at ugly men and can even manage to fall in love with them.

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    3. If the author had been making the best of Jane’s looks, rather than the worst, I think “queenly” would be just right. And to be fair to the hero, he does fall in love with her, and propose to her, before he loses his sight; it’s she who decides that beauty must be indispensable to him (because he’s an Artist) and therefore she can’t marry him.

      Sovay

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    4. Yes to be fair, it is Jane who decides she is not good enough: Garth is all keen, she should have had more self-belief.
      Perhaps its stunning popularity shows that people did really believe plain big girls could be loved. I think it was the kind of book that was always in charity shops, the trope that I looked at in a different post

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    5. I'd guess that Jane wouldn't have been so concerned about looks if she hadn't received the impression from the rest of her world that looks were all-important, or at least the most important thing for a woman. Many people feel differently, thank goodness--but that message is still strong and it's still around today. I hope it has been diluted to some degree, but sometimes I wonder.

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    6. I don't think that's exactly the case with Jane, who is confident and has a sense of self-worth. It is all to do with her perception of artistry. I mean, it is nonsensical, but it is not the result of other people's views IMO

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  16. I've just got to the bit in the Sweet biography where Cartland's first Regency book comes out, and I almost gasped at the blatancy of the plagiarism (she didn't even bother to change some of the *names*). I must admit that though Matthew Sweet writes divinely, I am finding Barbara's whole milieu rather wearying: end to end poorly-educated grifting poshos, rotten parenting, and lies. But I'll carry on reading (and then I'll read your review, which I know I'll enjoy!).

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    1. I surprised myself by ending up really respecting her, despite exactly the features you describe - for me there was a good-heartedness and a sense of her self that I admired. Though I can see that might not work for everyone.
      Matthew Sweet could write about the telephone directory and I would read him....

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  17. I particularly loved his book on British cinema, 'Shepperton Babylon', which I read as background research (and pure enjoyment) for 'Their Finest Hour and a Half'. The saga of Dirk Bogarde's leather trousers is particularly memorable...

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    1. Absolutely, love that book. There is a line in it, again Dirk Bogarde, saying he plays 'a leering Borstal inmate…[who] manages to suggest barrack-room bullying and buggery just by the way he leans on his mop' and I said then - worth the price of the book for that.

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