Mansfield Park by Jane Austen
published 1814
What have you got on?"
"The new dress that my uncle was so good as to give me
on my cousin's marriage. I hope it is not too fine; but I thought I ought to
wear it as soon as I could, and that I might not have such another opportunity
all the winter. I hope you do not think me too fine."
"A woman can never be too fine while she is all in
white. No, I see no finery about you; nothing but what is perfectly proper.
Your gown seems very pretty. I like these glossy spots. Has not Miss Crawford a
gown something the same?"
comments: When I wrote about Jane Austen for the i newspaper earlier
this year (here
and
here) I said this
‘Austen famously said that in
Emma, she had created a heroine whom no-one but herself could like. Completely
wrong – we all love Emma, and the heroine we don’t like is the dull and
priggish Fanny Price.’
I was being deliberately provocative: because among Jane
Austen fans, Fanny Price is one of the most divisive of characters. Some people
love her, others (including me) don’t.
But, whether you say snog, marry, avoid in relation to
Fanny, Mansfield Park is a fascinating
book. Jane Austen was a game-changer in many ways: in advance of the modern
debate on this topic, perhaps she felt her characters didn’t need to be
likeable.
I don’t always expect to agree with the views of the writer
Kingsley Amis (though he has fine things to say on the subject of
James Bond), but he writes very perceptively about Mansfield Park,
including this:
to invite Mr and Mrs Edmund
Bertram round for the evening would not be lightly undertaken. More
basically than this, Edmund and Fanny are both morally detestable and the
endorsement of their feelings and behaviour by the author [makes MP] an immoral
book.
Well! Sweeping. He goes on to discuss what he sees as the lack
of logic and hypocrisy in the views and actions of Edmund and Fanny – very convincingly.
Other critics have pointed out that Jane Austen herself, in
her letters, far more resembles Mary Crawford from the book than Fanny.
And it is hard to get too worked up about the horror of a few
respectable friends doing some amateur dramatics in a private home…
But on the plus side, the structure, the characters, and
the dominating presence of the estate all work well. All this is thrown into
relief when Fanny briefly goes back to her squalid childhood home in Portsmouth
to see what she is missing. I was intrigued by this word for the maid as she
arrives:
Fanny was all agitation and flutter; all hope and apprehension. The moment they stopped, a trollopy-looking maidservant, seemingly in waiting for them at the door, stepped forward…
WH Auden also has his comments on Jane Austen:
You could not shock her more
than she shocks me;
Beside her Joyce seems innocent as grass.
It makes me most uncomfortable to see
An English spinster of the middle-class
Describe the amorous effects of ‘brass’,
Reveal so frankly and with such sobriety
The economic basis of society
There have been wonderful discussions in the comments on
various blogposts (Austen, Trollope) about ‘the economic basis of society’ in
particular regard to the lives of 19th century women. I’m hoping
Mansfield Park will bring out more.
Come on, defenders and lovers of Fanny – tell me why I am wrong.
------------------------------
For my piece
on Jane Austen adaptations, I looked at the three film/TV Mansfield Parks, from 1999, 2007 and 1983. These are, I think, the only ones –
it’s not an easy sell for commissioners, compared with the idea of another Emma.
My favourite was the 1999 version, directed by Patricia Rozema.
This terrific film tackles the Fanny problem head-on, by making her more like
Jane Austen herself. We have Harold
Pinter (of all people) playing Thomas Bertram, and Frances O’Connor is a
gorgeous Fanny. The film takes on the secret issue of Mansfield Park: that the
family’s money is based on the slave trade. It is not treated as it would be
today, but Rozema was certainly trying. The writer uses some of Jane Austen’s non-canon
writings (letters and juvenilia), nicely slotted in, along with a proposal
event from JA’s life. There is a hint of lesbianism, and a not-too-graphic sex
scene.
The film is absolutely beautiful to look at - plenty of
white dresses, and although not much in the way of balls, the disastrous
private theatricals add excitement. There’s a very clever casting trick: Lindsay
Gordon plays both rich, lazy, Lady Bertram, and her poor broken-down sister, to
hammer home how important marital choice is, and how random and long-lasting
the effects will be.
The 1983 TV mini-series is
very faithful to the book, and Sylvestre le Touzel does a good job, she
is a satisfactory Fanny, and makes the
duller bits watchable.
Billie Piper player her for TV in 2007,
with a debatable attempt to make
something more of Fanny. Piper is about as unlike most people’s idea of the book heroine as could be, but if you look at it as a variation or udate it’s all right. Nicely
presented, high production values. And great cast, including Hayley Atwell is Mary Bertram.
Is it a problem that these are enjoyable films, but not really Austen’s Fanny? I’d argue no. If you want authenticity, read the books. Adaptations reflect the era they were made, rather than publication dates.
The second picture is
the ‘Rice Portrait’ which some people believe to be a likeness of the young
Jane Austen herself.
Fashion illo of the 1810s from the NYPL
I'll try my best in defence of Fanny. Firstly about the theatricals: I think the point is that everyone knows, without actually saying so, that Sir Thomas would not allow them - which is obvious, if not before, at their panic when he arrives home unexpectedly - so they are going behind his back while he is away, which is a bit.. I don't know - dishonest? shabby? in bad taste?
ReplyDeleteSecondly: I once read a blog post by somebody who said that she had first read Mansfield Park 30 years earlier, when she was 18, and that she had re-read it once a year since then - because it had shown her the only valuable model for how to keep your integrity even though you are not strong, smart and self-assured. I don't personally identify with Fanny, but I found this rather moving. (And it s one of my favourite examples when asked about the value of novel-reading or the importance of Jane Austen as a writer.)
Turing to a slightly more frivolous topic, I think your introductory quotation about Fanny's white dress is interesting in several ways. Edmund of course gives himself away (and hurts Fanny) when immediately turning the conversation to Mary Crawford. But I think Austen also mocks him when she makes him say that "a woman can never be too fine while she is all in white". He. Is. So. Wrong. At a time when washing was cumbersome and expensive, white was definitely a high-status colour. So much so, in fact, that in the very same book we learn that at Mr Rushworth's grand estate Sotherton two housemaids have been dismissed "for wearing white gowns"; the implication being that they have dressed above their station. Women, unless very rich, seem to have been very much aware of the fact that "a simple white dress" was a luxury which might be ruined after one ball. Edmund is obviously as naively unaware of this as he is about the real nature of Mary Crawford.
In fact, I find Edmund Bertram a much more exasperating character than Fanny Price. There are moments (this being one of them) when I just want to bang him on the head, hard, for his stupidity and his unintentional cruelty to Fanny.
A comment I read once about Edmund has stayed with me: "Edmund needs a smack upside the head!"
DeleteAh, the great Mansfield Park Face-Off--in one corner dull respectable Fanny and in the other corner charming amoral Mary. It's hard to see why Austen made her heroine so hard to like. One explanation I've seen is that the book is Austen's version of a morality play. The Crawfords represent the dark side of humanity, selfish and callous, but are very bright and attractive; Fanny and Edward are much less interesting but they stand for goodness and truth. Goodness wins out despite the charm of the baddies. MP was "of its time" and society has changed so much that we don't see what the fuss is about with the theatricals (as with Lydia Bennet's escapade), but in Austen's day it would have made more sense. As for Fanny v Mary, if I wanted a friend for a "good time" I'd pick Mary, but if I wanted a friend who would stick by me in not-so-good times, I'd choose Fanny.
ReplyDeleteTo be perfectly honest, I'm not going to get into the Fanny/Mary debate. I'll only say this: if a generates a lot of discussion and debate, and has us going on about the characters, it's a memorable book. That, to me, says a lot.
ReplyDelete